1: What are the 4 stages of American Environmental History?
The 4 main stages are:
The stages are Agricultural Revolution, Hunter gatherer, Industrial/Medical Revolution and Information/globalization revolution.
2: Why were the “Hunter-Gatherers” considered to have a low environmental impact?
They are considered this because they have low resources for their small population.
3: Why do you think Jared Diamond coined the agricultural revolution as the “Greatest Mistake in Human History”?
Jared Diamond coined is known as the "Greatest Mistake in Human History' because of the shift from nomadic hunting and gathering that make agricultural communities with livestock and is considered a mono culture which contains more waste, demand, as well as habitat destruction.
4: Contrast the Good and Bad of the Agricultural Revolution:
Good
- More food
- supported a larger population
- longer life expectancy
- Formations of villages, towns, and cities
- Higher standards for many people
- The towns and cities used for trade, government, and religion
Bad
- Destruction of wild life habitats
- Killing of wild animals feeding on grasses
- Fertile land turned into deserts
- Soil eroded into streams and lakes
- Pollution and diseases
5: What are the “Roots of abuse” in the American Frontier Era?
The roots of abuse in the america frontier era as the first colonists whom brought 3 things to change the continent. These 3 things are Guns, axes, and wheels.
6: Look at the graphic of the North American Buffalo territory- what happened to the Buffalo over a short period of time?
After a short period of time, I noticed it showed that the territory are changing like the North Buffalo territory is getting smaller.
7: List HOW the Industrial Revolution impacted the environment.
The Industrial revolution impacted the environment by shifting from renewable wood to non-renewable fuels, switching from small scale, handmade localized production to large scale manufacturing production, factory towns, cities appeared, they also moved to rural urban areas, and mechanized agricultural increasing food production, and increasing habitat destruction and pollution.
8: List the GOOD and Bad news of the Industrial-Medical Revolution
Good
- Mass production of affordable products
- Higher standard of living for many
- Greatly increased agricultural production
- Lower infant morality
- Longer life expectancy
- Increased urbanization
Bad
- Increased air pollution
- Increased water pollution
- Increased waste pollution
- Soil depletion and degradation
- Biodiversity depletion
- Groundwater depletion
9: List some events of the Early Conservation Era:
- Fisheries
- Beginnings of federal control
- Wildlife management
- Great Depression
- World Wars
- Dust Bowl
- Soil conservation
10: Explain how each of the following “Early Environmentalists” impacted the environmental
movement:
- Henry David Thoreau- He immersed himself in nature; distancing himself from everyday
- John Muir: Founded Sierra Club 1892
- John Wesley Powell-Major contributions to the sciences of geomorphology and cultural anthropology.
- President Grant-Resource extraction and development as well as warn people of the collapse of civilization.
- President Harrison-The conservation of national resources, he set aside lands for nation forests and parks.
- Theodore Roosevelt: Created many wildlife refugees as well as tripling the forest reserves.
- Gifford Pinchot- An important american forester and conservationist (1st chief U.S Forester)
The 1st federal land restoration project was the Tennessee Valley Authority.
12: What were the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) responsible for?
They maintained the environment by controlling erosion, planting trees, ad making nature trails.
13: Why was the “Taylor Grazing Act” important to the environment? Explain.
Regulated the grazing of public land.
14: Why was WWII the end of the Conservation Era?
They were being consumed and the modern environmental movement began.
15: When did the environmental era start? Who was responsible for “starting” the movement? How?
The Rachael Carson book ''Silent Spring"
16: Who was Aldo Leopold?
He was an environmental philosopher.
17: When was the 1st official “Earth Day”?
January 1st 1970.
18: What were some key legislation in the 60‘s, 70’s and 80’s?
- Wilderness Act: 1964
- Wild and Scenic Rivers Act: 1968
- National Environmental
- National Environmental
- Policy Act: 1969
- The Clean Air Act: 1972
19: What is the EPA? What are they responsible for?
The EPA is an agency that protects the environment and provide money for environmental studies.
20: Who are the NRCS? What are they responsible for? What about CITES?
NRCS is known as the Natural Resources Conservation service. They are responsible for monitoring things like private land use, advising landowners on soil conservation methods as well as educate others. The cities are the conservation on international trade in endangered species.
21: List the following:
- Montreal Protocol: International agreement initiated by UNEP to phase out use of ozone-depleting chemicals.
- IPCC: International panel on climate change.Scientists monitor share and publish reports on atmospheric change.
- Kyoto Protocol: 1997 international agreement to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by 5% by 2012
- Atomic Energy Act: 1954 IT was passed because of the government's keen interest in monitoring the commercial and national defense uses of atomic energy groups.
- Clean air act,
- NEPA,
- Wilderness act,
- FIFRA,
- Clean water act